Can spring washers and flat washers be used interchangeably?

During equipment maintenance, we often observe instances where spring washers and flat washers are used interchangeably. However, their functions differ, and blind substitution poses certain risks. We must select the appropriate type based on the specific application.

The core function of a spring washer is to prevent loosening. Its corrugated structure compresses when the bolt is tightened, generating counteracting elastic force that resists dynamic loads like vibration and impact, thereby preventing nut loosening. High-speed rotating equipment such as fans and motors relies on spring washers to ensure stable connections, requiring sufficient compression space for optimal performance.

Flat washers primarily increase contact area to distribute pressure from bolts or nuts across connected components, preventing damage to soft material surfaces. They also reduce friction, facilitate bolt removal/installation, and protect threads.

In most scenarios, flat washers and spring washers are not interchangeable. For instance, dynamic-load equipment with high anti-loosening requirements or mobile devices subject to frequent impacts necessitate spring washers to prevent loosening—flat washers cannot substitute. When connecting soft materials or precision equipment surfaces, flat washers provide essential protection; using spring washers would exacerbate damage. For connections requiring frequent disassembly/assembly, flat washers offer easier operation, whereas spring washers increase friction and suffer from elasticity degradation.

When can spring washers and flat washers be substituted? Only two low-demand scenarios permit temporary substitution: low-vibration, static structures with minimal anti-loosening requirements (e.g., small wooden bookshelves); non-critical, light-load equipment (e.g., household mini fans); temporary vibration-free connections (e.g., exhibition display stands); and connections with low surface protection needs (e.g., outdoor simple storage racks). However, these are only stopgap measures. Formal engineering must select components according to specific requirements.

Furthermore, both types have explicit standards. Spring washers comply with multiple standards like GB/T 93 - 1987, catering to different load capacities and space requirements. Flat washers also adhere to various standards such as GB/T 95 - 2002, which differentiate precision levels and applicable scenarios. Referencing these standards is essential during selection to ensure compliance.